Pre-production: Funding
Where does funding come from?
Films:
- Across the UK there are a number of regional and national agencies that invest money into the making of new British films. A list of some of these are; BFI Film fund, Creative Scotland Film and Television funding program, Creative England fund, Film London, BBC Films, Film4 and many more. These agencies are funded differently in order to produce the money able to make the films.
-The BFI are funded through the national lottery. This means they are given a certain amount of money and this is used to develop new talent and produce there films.
- Film4 aim to fund 10-12 films per year. Some of the funds for these may come from advertising on the Film4 channel. Companies will pay to advertise their products and then this money can be used to fund more projects. Although Film4 contribute to the funding of films most of them are co-funded with their other business partners. They invest 15 million per year.
- Independent films are often funded by many production companies. This is because the films are not likely to regenerate the money they used. This makes it safer for the production companies because they have only invested are small amount the loss is not as much as a risk. Whereas if they had invested the whole budget they may not make a profit and often don't make the money back that they have spent.
- Internationally, Production companies have bigger budgets for blockbuster films. For example walt disney has income from lots of different places and therefore can produce large budget films by them selfs rather than being funded by numerous companies like the British films are. The money Walt Disney use is from many different sources. These being their revenue from previous films, the money earned from their theme parks in which they have multiple across the world and many more sources. Walt disney can afford to make films that may not make back all of the money they spent. however this is unlikely. For example The newest Avengers film cost $321,000,000 to produce yet it made $2,045,713,611 back therefore the money marvel studios made will then be used to produce another new film.
PPV:
- Online Pay Per View services like Netflix are funded by the subscription charges that viewers have to pay monthly in order to use the online service. They also have extra packages which cost more than the standard monthly fee. For example you can upgrade in order to use the account on multiple devices at one time. The money made from these charges allow Netflix to buy the latest films which entices viewers to renew their subscriptions monthly. The money Netflix earns then goes back into the business in order for them to produce their own films and series.
Tv programmes on comercial channels:
- On commercial channels such as ITV, Channel 4 and 5 etc fund there projects through numerous ways. One of the most common ways of funding programmes and series are through advertising. On all of this channels they have advert breaks every 10-15 minutes. This produces income as different companies pay to have their products advertised. Furthermore brands can also chose to sponsor a specific programme. This means that when a specific show starts such as X factor a dominos advert will come on before and after the program starts, breaks and ends.
- Another way commercial channels are funded are through the selling of series, programmes and documentaries. For example ITV have sold one of their most recent series of Love Island to Netflix. This means the series is available to watch for a certain amount of time on the app. The longer Netflix wants to show the program for the bigger the fee that ITV will charge.
TV programmes on the BBC:
- The BBC is funded by the government. This comes from the license fee and they have a fixed amount of income that they can spread across different projects in order to create new films. Some projects are also funded by the national lottery. This is when people buy lottery tickets and the money made from this some is given to the BBC to make new films and programme's.
Newspaper:
- Newspapers are funded from numerous different sources. One way in which they fund there service is through advertisements. This means companies can pay to advertise there business in a spread of the newspaper. The larger the space of the ad the more the newspaper companies can charge. Newspapers such as the metro have also started to give out their papers for free. One reason they may do this is because it means they can approach companies who may be willing to advertise. This will make them agree to ad in The Metro as they reach to an audience of 5 million compared to a newspaper like the sun who only reach 2 million as they sell the newspaper rather than giving it out for free. That means the Metro have a better chance of companies willing to advertise with them. Another way in which they are funded is through the sales of their previous newspapers. The money they make from selling previous copies is then regenerated into creating the next issue.
Websites:
- Websites are funded through the use of advertisements. Pop ups regularly appear when browsing online and the websites often use cookies to track your search history and what websites you have been on in order to determine what ads to show you. Some websites also have subscription services in which some are free and some are charged. Most users have to sign up with an email address which then allows the websites to email there customers lots of ads and deals in order to catch their attention. The wider there reach of the public the more companies willing to advertise with them as there adverts will be seen by a large capacity of people.
1.) What is crowdfunding?
- Crowd funding is the practice of funding a project or venture by raising money from a large number of people who each contribute a relatively small amount, typically via the internet. There are now specialist websites online which allow everyday people to set up pages which allow others to donate to their cause.
2.) What is the license fee? and what do the BBC have to do in order to gain the funding from the government?
- The License fee is the money given to the BBC each year in order for them to continue producing media and to fund their projects. In return for the guaranteed income the BBC has to oblige by the conditions in the contract which is renewed every ten years. The BBC's mission is to act in public interest, serving all audiences through the provision of impartial, high quality and distinctive output and services which inform, educate and entertain.
3.) What is A National Lottery Grant?
- A National Lottery Grant is when money is distributed to 'good causes'. It aims to help people become actively involved in projects that benefit their local community. Since 2004 its awarded £6 billon to more than 130,000 projects.
Films:
- Across the UK there are a number of regional and national agencies that invest money into the making of new British films. A list of some of these are; BFI Film fund, Creative Scotland Film and Television funding program, Creative England fund, Film London, BBC Films, Film4 and many more. These agencies are funded differently in order to produce the money able to make the films.
-The BFI are funded through the national lottery. This means they are given a certain amount of money and this is used to develop new talent and produce there films.
- Film4 aim to fund 10-12 films per year. Some of the funds for these may come from advertising on the Film4 channel. Companies will pay to advertise their products and then this money can be used to fund more projects. Although Film4 contribute to the funding of films most of them are co-funded with their other business partners. They invest 15 million per year.
- Independent films are often funded by many production companies. This is because the films are not likely to regenerate the money they used. This makes it safer for the production companies because they have only invested are small amount the loss is not as much as a risk. Whereas if they had invested the whole budget they may not make a profit and often don't make the money back that they have spent.
- Internationally, Production companies have bigger budgets for blockbuster films. For example walt disney has income from lots of different places and therefore can produce large budget films by them selfs rather than being funded by numerous companies like the British films are. The money Walt Disney use is from many different sources. These being their revenue from previous films, the money earned from their theme parks in which they have multiple across the world and many more sources. Walt disney can afford to make films that may not make back all of the money they spent. however this is unlikely. For example The newest Avengers film cost $321,000,000 to produce yet it made $2,045,713,611 back therefore the money marvel studios made will then be used to produce another new film.
PPV:
- Online Pay Per View services like Netflix are funded by the subscription charges that viewers have to pay monthly in order to use the online service. They also have extra packages which cost more than the standard monthly fee. For example you can upgrade in order to use the account on multiple devices at one time. The money made from these charges allow Netflix to buy the latest films which entices viewers to renew their subscriptions monthly. The money Netflix earns then goes back into the business in order for them to produce their own films and series.
Tv programmes on comercial channels:
- On commercial channels such as ITV, Channel 4 and 5 etc fund there projects through numerous ways. One of the most common ways of funding programmes and series are through advertising. On all of this channels they have advert breaks every 10-15 minutes. This produces income as different companies pay to have their products advertised. Furthermore brands can also chose to sponsor a specific programme. This means that when a specific show starts such as X factor a dominos advert will come on before and after the program starts, breaks and ends.
- Another way commercial channels are funded are through the selling of series, programmes and documentaries. For example ITV have sold one of their most recent series of Love Island to Netflix. This means the series is available to watch for a certain amount of time on the app. The longer Netflix wants to show the program for the bigger the fee that ITV will charge.
TV programmes on the BBC:
- The BBC is funded by the government. This comes from the license fee and they have a fixed amount of income that they can spread across different projects in order to create new films. Some projects are also funded by the national lottery. This is when people buy lottery tickets and the money made from this some is given to the BBC to make new films and programme's.
Newspaper:
- Newspapers are funded from numerous different sources. One way in which they fund there service is through advertisements. This means companies can pay to advertise there business in a spread of the newspaper. The larger the space of the ad the more the newspaper companies can charge. Newspapers such as the metro have also started to give out their papers for free. One reason they may do this is because it means they can approach companies who may be willing to advertise. This will make them agree to ad in The Metro as they reach to an audience of 5 million compared to a newspaper like the sun who only reach 2 million as they sell the newspaper rather than giving it out for free. That means the Metro have a better chance of companies willing to advertise with them. Another way in which they are funded is through the sales of their previous newspapers. The money they make from selling previous copies is then regenerated into creating the next issue.
Websites:
- Websites are funded through the use of advertisements. Pop ups regularly appear when browsing online and the websites often use cookies to track your search history and what websites you have been on in order to determine what ads to show you. Some websites also have subscription services in which some are free and some are charged. Most users have to sign up with an email address which then allows the websites to email there customers lots of ads and deals in order to catch their attention. The wider there reach of the public the more companies willing to advertise with them as there adverts will be seen by a large capacity of people.
1.) What is crowdfunding?
- Crowd funding is the practice of funding a project or venture by raising money from a large number of people who each contribute a relatively small amount, typically via the internet. There are now specialist websites online which allow everyday people to set up pages which allow others to donate to their cause.
2.) What is the license fee? and what do the BBC have to do in order to gain the funding from the government?
- The License fee is the money given to the BBC each year in order for them to continue producing media and to fund their projects. In return for the guaranteed income the BBC has to oblige by the conditions in the contract which is renewed every ten years. The BBC's mission is to act in public interest, serving all audiences through the provision of impartial, high quality and distinctive output and services which inform, educate and entertain.
3.) What is A National Lottery Grant?
- A National Lottery Grant is when money is distributed to 'good causes'. It aims to help people become actively involved in projects that benefit their local community. Since 2004 its awarded £6 billon to more than 130,000 projects.
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